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Buddha Brahma Paraatpara

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Buddha Brahma Paraatpara
Partha Desikan

A Japanese fictional book in 14 volumes, written by Osamu Tezuka and published by Ushio Shuppan had first been serialized between 1972 and 1983 in the magazine Kibou no Tomo. This series entitled Buddha Manga, weaves its story round the central figure of Gautama Buddha and takes considerable liberty with the historical accounts available about him.

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An account of this fictional effort, which has been republished more recently in English by Vertical in just 8 volumes, can be accessed through the Wikipedia link

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddha_(manga)

Towards the end of the Buddha story in this Wikipedia account, we have this note about Brahma.

Brahma: God. Appearing frequently to Buddha as a wizened old man, Brahma set Siddhartha on the path to seeking a solution to suffering. After Buddha obtained enlightenment, Brahma bestowed him with the title of Buddha. After the Buddha died (in book 8), Brahma personally escorted the Buddha to the afterlife where he promised to reveal what awaited those who pass into death.

The above link on what lies beyond death is an elaborate commentary on Nirvana (Nibbana in Pali) according to different Buddhist schools as well as Jain concepts, not unlike the Hindu concept of mukti or liberation, except for not labeling the super-conscious state as the para-principle or paramaatma.

Osamu Tezuka did not have to invent the Buddha's connection to Brahma. There is at least among some Buddhist groups, a strong belief that the four headed divinity did indeed appear several times before Gautama Siddhartha during the latter's long meditation spells, though perhaps in human forms, such as that of an old man. This belief is held universally among the Far Eastern Buddhist communities in Asia and certainly in Thailand, whose population is ninety-five percent Buddhist.

The Thai landscape is studded with temples devoted to Hindu deities, some of them built by migrant Hindus who had come into the Indies with the Cholas well over a thousand years ago, but several built in more recent times, by Tamils, Marathis, Bengalis and other Indians of the Hindu fold.. The temples are frequented by all Thais, and one can easily spot the Buddhist devotee because of the way he kneels before a deity, with hands folded and eyes closed, meditating the while on the deity. In addition to these Hindu temples, there are Buddhist shrines dedicated to Brahma all over the country. Incense, fruits and flowers are sold very close to the shrines. No priests officiate. The devotee washes his hands and offers worship personally, going round the deity, kneeling before each of the four faces.

The Brahma shrine at Pattaya is one of the well attended ones. The picture of the deity at this shrine is given hIt has been taken from an article entitled ‘Hinduism in Thailand' here.

Lord Brahma in a Pattaya Temple

From the website

ThaiWorldview.com.

Some Brahma shrines are also found in the reception area of large hotels and other public places in Bangkok and elsewhere in Thailand. One is therefore not surprised to find a similar shrine of Brahma just outside the Caesar's Palace Hotel at Las Vegas, USA, when told that it had been generously sponsored by Mrs. and Mr. Kamphol Vacharaphon and Mr.Yip Hon of Thailand. If the soul of Augustus Caesar, who believed in far grander shrines for his gods than his personal premises in his palace on Palatine Hill, were to visit this building in America, supposed to have been modeled on his palace, he would indeed be delighted with the lovely setting for this shrine!

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Comments (17)Add Comment
Devagura
...
written by Jim Clark, 2009-04-25 21:34:03
the Herman Hesse book Siddhartha is one of the best books ever written.. even though i am a Krishna Bhakta i hold the Brahmajyoti in high regards.. Brahma is the source of the cosmic explosion at the beginning of the universe,, his energies were first,, the Brahmajyoti is equal to the Krishna Bhakta,, the concept is the same

great work Partha
narensomu
Thanks
written by narensomu, 2008-09-17 06:41:57
Dear Partha
Thanks. Will do that.
Regards
ns
partha
the link
written by P. Desikan, 2008-09-15 20:00:25
Dear Narensomu,
For the second link I have suggested , the Sulekha blog by Sri MKV Narayan, you should use the link I have given without the ? mark at the end. The mark is there because a question ends with that link there.
Thank you. Partha
partha
Buddha as Vishnu
written by P. Desikan, 2008-09-10 08:55:20
Dear Narensomu,
Do look at my comment and Pradip's reply just below and you will notice that they align with your s made on pradips blog on why Buddhists worship Hindu deities. Also please go through this Wikipedia link.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddha_as_an_Avatar_of_Vishnu
Can I also trouble you to go through the blog by Sri MKV Narayan entitled Open Thoughts #3, for which the link is
http://mkvnarayan.sulekha.com/blog/post/2008/02/open-thoughts-3-desikan-vs-mkv.htm?
Warm regards.
Partha.
gangp
...
written by Dr. Pradip Gangopadh, 2008-09-09 13:04:02
Dear Partha,
It is Vaishnavas who made Buddha an avatara of Vishnu. That way they killed of the Buddhist challenge!

Regards

Pradip
partha
...
written by P. Desikan, 2008-09-09 12:41:13
Friends,
While we are scratching our heads as to why some Buddhists should have been holding Hindu deities in ridicule and why others must have started praying to some of them later (read comments on this blog as well as those on Pradip's specifically on this question), let us also enquire why it was found necessary for some Hindus to include the Buddha as an avatar of Vishnu. Some accommodation seems to have been arrived at between the two religious groups at some point.
Regards. Partha
narensomu
Brahma, the first of a fivesome
written by narensomu, 2008-09-04 09:27:41
Friends
The article at the link I posted in my previous comment says Sadashiva was widely worshipped during the age of Cholas [ later Cholas- I think they mean them]
They worshipped Durga Parameswari as their Kula Deivam [ well, this piece of info is from a popukar Historical fiction generations of Tamilians read]and if they subscribed to the fivesome concept they must have worshipped Brahma in some way too.We may already have some evidences we havent heard of.

THe Shiva concept seems to have been extended to cover Rudra-Maheshwara ["penultimate materialization of the transcendent God"]and SadaShiva, adding to the aspects.

Dwai

Mount Abu seems more famous for Brahma's daughters [ Brahma Kumaris] than Brahma , I visited the Jain temple there during college days.Not sure if there is a temple for Brahma there too]

Regards
ns
narensomu
...
written by narensomu, 2008-09-04 09:14:10
Partha/Dwai
Thank you for a wonderful discussion.I was able to read the comments only on the mail this morning and it is always clearer when we can read the comments here.
I was referring to another order of the Hindu trinity and was thinking about the five [ as against three] aspects of God with form.
Shakthi is sometimes said to be above the five aspects.[ by Shaktha tradition]
Yes, the Guru connection is evident and may be for some reason during later centuries Brahma was replaced by Shakthi?
The previous Kanchi Shankaracharya talks about this in his Deivathin Kural [ The voice divine]and I have to look that up on the net.
Just found this link on the net.
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ho/06/sss/ho_27.79.htm
also pasting the text alone [ Pls look up the image there]
Shiva as Sadashiva or Mahesha, Chola period (ca. 860–1279), 10th century
Tamil Nadu, India
Granite; H. 58 in. (147.3 cm)
Egleston Fund, 1927 (27.79)

Images such as this one have long been identified as Brahma, the Hindu god of creation, because four heads are considered his primary iconographic feature. The heads refer to his cosmic role as creator and symbolize the four great ages of Hindu mythology. More recently, noting the third eye and the different earrings of the central face, standard attributes of Shiva, scholars have proposed that the sculpture may represent one of his manifestations. In some Hindu scripture, Shiva, traditionally god of destruction, is also associated with the energy of life, and can be understood, like Brahma, to represent creation.

Two forms of Shiva are possible: Sadashiva, one of his more philosophical aspects, and Mahesha, at times described as the penultimate materialization of the transcendent god. There is literary evidence that worship of Sadashiva was prevalent during the rule of the Chola kings in South India. Other scholars suggest that images showing the god in bust form with four or five heads are representations of Sadashiva, whereas figures in which he is fully formed represent Mahesha. According to this theory, Mahesha is the ultimate material form of the god who manifests himself partially in the form of Sadashiva, as well as in more transcendental forms such as the linga.
The Brahma -Vishnu-Rudra-Maheshwara-SadaShiva are an extension of the trinity. A five some.
The Shaktha tradition says Devi controls all these five aspects.
Brahma is very much present here.
Now, I wait to read more ideas and look forward to increasing my Medhavi capital.smilies/smiley.gifThis is getting interesting.
Regards
ns
partha
No fool, this
written by P. Desikan, 2008-09-03 13:39:44
Dear Pradip,
The four headed deity being worshipped all over Thailand is the divine Brahma alright. he is unlikely to be the 'fool' whom the Buddha tried to educate and elevate.
Partha
partha
yes, Dwai
written by P. Desikan, 2008-09-03 13:36:10
Yes Dwai. The trinity being identified with Guru as well as the Infinite principle is evident from the popular couplet,which says Guru is Brahma. Guru is Vishnu. Guru is Maheswara. Guru is the Infinite available before our eyes. Salutation to that Guru
You are right about the identity of the formal Gurus of Devas and Asuras as well.
Partha.
0
Trinity
written by dwai, 2008-09-03 12:17:15
Hi NS,

I believe the trinity is considered to be Brahma-Vishnu-Maheshwar.
Isn't Brihaspati considered to be the Guru of the Devas (as is Shukracharya that of the Asuras)?
narensomu
Thank you
written by narensomu, 2008-09-03 12:14:00
Dear Partha
Thanks for the explanation.
The trinity is Shiva-Vishnu-Shakthi isn't it?
As you say he is always consulted first when trouuble arises and then he takes the Devas to Vishnu for further discussions. A Guru concept that takes one closer to the God ideal may be.
Dwai
Think Pushkar is different.Will look it up though
Regards
ns
gangp
Great Brahma in Tripitaka
written by Dr. Pradip Gangopadh, 2008-09-03 11:14:58
Dear Partha,

Theravada scriptures like Digha Nikaya have a character called great Brahma who is taught by Buddha! Basically Brahma is characterized as a fool. I asked a Buddhist about this. He told me that it is simply a sectarian depiction and Buddhists do not view Brahma as He is depicted in Buddhist scripture.

Regards

Pradip
0
...
written by dwai, 2008-09-02 16:05:18
Dear Partha,

Thanks for that lucid and thought-provoking comment. Indeed, there are many levels of interpretation of scriptural knowledge (and Puranic tales).

NS,

You are right about Pushkar. I thought there was another in Mount Abu (or is it the same)?

Best,

Dwai
partha
Brahma ,not Brahmam
written by P. Desikan, 2008-09-02 08:36:12
Dear Dwai,
A sanatanic Vedanti has a lot of respect for Acharyas/Sadgurus and not for merely learned people. These too command respect of sorts, but Acharyas who definitely lead one on the path of liberation are like God and often treated as God. All puranic references show the Siva/Parameswara concept not merely to be Almighty and powerful, but meditative, contemplative, serene as sadguru Dakshinamurthy, a true companion and controller of Mother Shakti, who also derives from the Infinite, and shown to be teaching Mother all the time facets of the Infinite Truth, using this ruse to teach us in turn. His compassion is only occasionally shown to have supported forces of evil. Puranas on the other hand consistently depict the creator principle Brahma, from whom, or more strictly through whom, all existence derived the knowledge of the Vedas, as a storehouse of knowledge rather than as a teacher. Several of his offspring including his wife/daughter and several Rishis qualified as Sadgurus, however. Brahma is shown to have consistently chosen wrong beneficiaries for his Grace and boons, merely by virtue of long and hard penances, to have set poor examples in integrity, probity and vrtue and joining delegations against evil forces, only when lesser Devas conveyed to him the heat they felt. Puranas and itihasas also glorified Vishnu in several ways identifying him as the infinite and to an equal/nearly equal extent Siva and Shakti. While not much evidence is there in the itihasas of the presence of temples in India during the assumed period of their historic content, both itihasas and puranas would have influenced people's thinking as to who should be worshipped, when the temples did develop. The ancient geogeaphy and some historic circumstances could have helped in the development of so called Aryan and socalled Dravidian cultures in distinct regions, but these started merging very early in the history of our land. It is possible that organized temple worship could have been largely a Dravidian rather than an Aryan idea.
I would not worry too much about three different legends current about Brahma, which are supposed to have disqualiified him for temple worship. He is supposed to have spoken falsehood in one, shown undue haste in starting a yagna before his wife could arrive on the scene and arranged for another wife for yagna purposes in a second story, and to have been struck by infatuation for a beautiful maid of his own creation, Shatarupa/Tilottama in a third. These may have just amounted to giving him a bad name before condemning him. Poet Kalidasa worked avidly for reestablishment of the Trimurti concept, where the Creator, the Sustainer and Destroyer roles were assigned to three aspects of the same param brahma. Brahma was thus the Creator brahmam and in the Kalidasiya kavya, Kumarasambhava, Devas seeking his help refer to him as Trimurti, before going along with him to Vishnu and to Siva in penance.
Buddhists seeking to add colour to Buddha's life and teachings scanned the upanishads for help and introduces Brahmam as having guided the master towards enlightenment, which would sound correct to most of us. Brahmam must have crystallized as Brahma subsequently, especialy as Vishnu and Siva dominated the Hindu scene at the time.
Regards. Partha.
Dear Narensomu,
The Bhuvaneswari Adheenam Swami Shantananda established a Saraswati shrine as part of a Devi Bhuvaneswari temple complex in Salem. Very recently the same group similarly establshed another such complex and another Saraswati shrine near Marudamalai in Coimbatore postal limits and I have been privileged to pay my respcts to Mother Saraswati there.
Regards. Partha
narensomu
Yes, please tell us a story
written by narensomu, 2008-09-01 08:23:56
Dear Partha

Thank you for the article.
I second the "Please tell that story" .smilies/smiley.gif
Brahma has a temple at Pushkar, I think there may be one in TN too.
Am curious to know why he isn't popularly worshipped.
Sarasvathi has one or two temples dedicated to her in TN.[ One is at Koothanur, Tanjore dist.] where people start Aksharabyasa for their kids.
You may know where the other on is.
Regards
ns
0
About Brahma
written by Dwai, 2008-09-01 08:01:17
Dear Partha,

Thanks for sharing this beautiful article. I too have come across the reference to Brahma in the south-eastern cultures (especially in the Khmer and Thai lore, specifically pertaining to Martial arts (that being a weakness of mine)).

I had a question regarding Brahma and worship. It is interesting to see that there are brahma temples in Thailand (but none in India). Puranic traditions hold that Brahma was "Cursed" to be not worshipped in public by Lord Shiva (after the brouhaha about the Aparajita flower, iirc). Could you please share some of your insight into the puranic story around this and perhaps some possibly deeper insights into why that is the case?

Best,

Dwai

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